蘭炭煤氣發(fā)電機組以蘭炭生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的煤氣為燃料進(jìn)行發(fā)電，其工作原理涉及多個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節：

The Lantan coal gas generator unit generates electricity using the coal gas produced during the Lantan production process as fuel, and its working principle involves multiple key links:

煤氣產(chǎn)生與凈化：在蘭炭生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，煤炭經(jīng)過(guò)中低溫干餾，釋放出多種氣體，這些混合氣體便是蘭炭煤氣，主要成分包括氫氣、一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃氣體，同時(shí)含有焦油、粉塵、硫化物等雜質(zhì)。為防止雜質(zhì)對后續設備造成損害，需對煤氣進(jìn)行凈化處理。先通過(guò)重力沉降、旋風(fēng)分離等方式去除較大顆粒的粉塵與焦油，再利用濕法洗滌進(jìn)一步清除微小顆粒與部分可溶性雜質(zhì)，最后借助脫硫裝置，如采用氧化鐵法、活性炭法等，脫除煤氣中的硫化物，得到較為純凈的可用于發(fā)電的煤氣。

Production and purification of coal gas: during the production of semicoke, the coal undergoes medium and low temperature carbonization and releases a variety of gases. These mixed gases are called semicoke gas. The main components include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other combustible gases, as well as tar, dust, sulfide and other impurities. To prevent impurities from causing damage to subsequent equipment, it is necessary to purify the gas. Firstly, larger particles of dust and tar are removed through methods such as gravity settling and cyclone separation. Then, fine particles and some soluble impurities are further removed through wet scrubbing. Finally, desulfurization devices such as iron oxide method and activated carbon method are used to remove sulfides from the gas, resulting in relatively pure gas that can be used for power generation.

煤氣燃燒做功：凈化后的蘭炭煤氣被輸送至燃氣發(fā)動(dòng)機的進(jìn)氣系統。在發(fā)動(dòng)機的氣缸內，煤氣與適量空氣混合形成可燃混合氣。當活塞下行，進(jìn)氣門(mén)打開(kāi)，可燃混合氣進(jìn)入氣缸；隨后活塞上行，壓縮可燃混合氣，使其溫度和壓力升高。在壓縮沖程末期，火花塞點(diǎn)火，點(diǎn)燃可燃混合氣，混合氣迅速燃燒膨脹，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓氣體，推動(dòng)活塞下行做功，將化學(xué)能轉化為機械能。此過(guò)程與常見(jiàn)的汽油、柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機工作原理相似，但由于蘭炭煤氣成分和燃燒特性不同，發(fā)動(dòng)機的設計和調校也有所差異，需確保煤氣能夠充分、穩定燃燒，以輸出穩定動(dòng)力。

Gas combustion does work: The purified blue charcoal gas is transported to the intake system of the gas engine. In the cylinder of the engine, gas is mixed with an appropriate amount of air to form a combustible mixture. When the piston descends, the intake valve opens and the combustible mixture enters the cylinder; Subsequently, the piston ascends, compressing the combustible mixture to increase its temperature and pressure. At the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites, igniting the combustible mixture. The mixture rapidly burns and expands, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas that pushes the piston down to do work, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. This process is similar to the working principle of common gasoline and diesel engines, but due to the different composition and combustion characteristics of anthracite gas, the design and tuning of the engine also differ. It is necessary to ensure that the gas can burn fully and stably to output stable power.

機械能轉化為電能：燃氣發(fā)動(dòng)機的活塞通過(guò)連桿與曲軸相連，活塞的往復直線(xiàn)運動(dòng)經(jīng)連桿轉換為曲軸的旋轉運動(dòng)。曲軸與發(fā)電機的轉子相連，帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機轉子高速旋轉。根據電磁感應原理，發(fā)電機內部的定子繞組切割轉子產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)磁力線(xiàn)，從而在定子繞組中產(chǎn)生感應電動(dòng)勢。當定子繞組與外部電路接通時(shí)，便形成電流，實(shí)現機械能到電能的轉化。發(fā)電機輸出的電能一般為交流電，其電壓和頻率需通過(guò)配套的電氣設備進(jìn)行調整和穩定，以滿(mǎn)足電網(wǎng)接入要求或直接供用電設備使用。

Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy: The piston of a gas engine is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod, and the reciprocating linear motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod. The crankshaft is connected to the rotor of the generator, driving it to rotate at high speed. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the stator winding inside the generator cuts the magnetic field lines generated by the rotor, thereby generating induced electromotive force in the stator winding. When the stator winding is connected to the external circuit, a current is formed, achieving the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy output by a generator is generally AC power, and its voltage and frequency need to be adjusted and stabilized through supporting electrical equipment to meet the requirements of grid connection or directly supply power to electrical equipment.

余熱回收利用：蘭炭煤氣燃燒發(fā)電過(guò)程中會(huì )產(chǎn)生大量余熱，若不加以利用會(huì )造成能源浪費。常見(jiàn)的余熱回收方式是設置余熱鍋爐，利用發(fā)動(dòng)機排出的高溫廢氣熱量，將鍋爐中的水加熱產(chǎn)生蒸汽。這些蒸汽可用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的加熱、蒸煮等工藝，也可驅動(dòng)蒸汽輪機進(jìn)一步發(fā)電，實(shí)現熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)，顯著(zhù)提高能源利用效率，降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本。

Waste heat recovery and utilization: During the combustion of Lan Charcoal gas for power generation, a large amount of waste heat is generated. If not utilized, it will result in energy waste. The common method of waste heat recovery is to set up a waste heat boiler, which uses the heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged by the engine to heat the water in the boiler and generate steam. These steam can be used for heating, cooking and other processes in industrial production, and can also drive steam turbines to further generate electricity, achieve cogeneration, significantly improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce production costs for enterprises.

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